Opiumkriege

Second Opium War-guangzhou

068 Les factoreries de Canton pendant la guerre de l'opium

छवि अफीम युद्ध की क्रूरता को दर्शाती है।

Auswirkungen der Beendigung der Landwirtschaft in Großbritannien auf den Welthandel, nach Bairoch (Komparativer Kostenvorteil)

Book from the Anti-Opium league

The Customs House and the Hoppo's Headquarters at Guanzhou

Huang Entong, politician of the Qing Dynasty. He participated in the negotiation on the Treaty of Nanjing during the First Opium War. In the French Journal his name is written as "Huan-Gan-Tun".

Making of opium cakes

Making of opium cakes

Opium ship

यह छवि अफीम युद्धों के दौरान चीन के लोगों की स्थिति का प्रतिनिधित्व करती है।

The First Opium War (1839–1842) erupted when the Qing dynasty of China attempted to suppress the massive inflow of opium, imported largely by British merchants from colonial India, which had caused widespread addiction, public health crises, and severe silver outflow from China. Britain, defending its commercial interests in the opium trade and broader access to Chinese markets, launched a naval war that ended with China’s defeat and the Treaty of Nanking, which opened ports and ceded Hong Kong. While Britain framed its actions as defending principles of commerce, the war is often seen as a precursor to the global spread of “free trade” ideology—though here it was enforced through coercion rather than voluntary exchange. The Second Opium War (1856–1860) began when Britain, joined later by France, sought to expand the commercial and legal concessions gained after the First Opium War. The war ended with the Treaties of Tientsin (1858) and the Convention of Peking (1860), which forced China to open more ports, legalize the opium trade, allow foreign envoys in Beijing, and cede land. The health impacts in China were devastating: millions became dependent on opium, undermining productivity, family life, and social stability, with long-term consequences for Chinese society and governance even beyond the formal end of the trade.

koerees, a class of opium traders who hired labourers for weighing opium in an Indian factory

फाइल अफीम युद्ध का प्रतिनिधित्व करती है

Patna EIC opium crates in museum in Hong Kong

Peace between ENGLAND and CHINA! Text at bottom:PEACEPIECE between ENGLAND and CHINA! Text from right to left (spelling is as close to original as possible): Englishman: Well my pretty little Sing Sing! __ What do the Chinese Ladies think of my Countrymen? Chinese lady: Oh dey tink you quite irresistible Chinese man: Hi yah. the men think so to!

Taking of Chinhai at the mouth of the Ningpo River on 10 October 1841, showing HMS Rattlesnake.

Chinese opium smokers

A ceramic chamber pot the shape of a British man, made by local Guangzhou craftsmen in the aftermath of the First Opium War