Alle Schlachten

Schlacht um Saipan

1944 Marianen

Marine PFC code talker Cecil G. Trosip of Oraibi, Arizona at communication system on Saipan

Marine PFC code talker Cecil G. Trosip of Oraibi, Arizona at communication system on Saipan

Author: National Archives 176250518 official USMC photo 127-N-89670 by SGT WilliamsLicense:PD
Source
4th Marine Division. Saipan. In a burned out cane field, near a former Japanese observation post, a Marine patrol, which has been scouting the eastern coast of Saipan, listens to its squad leader as he reads the day's news from the daily mimeographed newspaper printed on Saipan by the Marines. The paper is distributed by the same trucks which bring supplies to Marines at front line positions

4th Marine Division. Saipan. In a burned out cane field, near a former Japanese observation post, a Marine patrol, which has been scouting the eastern coast of Saipan, listens to its squad leader as he reads the day's news from the daily mimeographed newspaper printed on Saipan by the Marines. The paper is distributed by the same trucks which bring supplies to Marines at front line positions

Author: National Archives 176250512 official USMC photo 127-N-85680 by CookeLicense:PD
Source
4th Marine Division Marines advance on a Japanese occupied cave

4th Marine Division Marines advance on a Japanese occupied cave

Author: National Archives 176250516 official USMC photo 127-N-88894 by CookeLicense:PD
Source
A marine throws a hand grenade at an enemy position on Saipan. A second marine is about to throw his grenade which is smoking from its burning fuse

A marine throws a hand grenade at an enemy position on Saipan. A second marine is about to throw his grenade which is smoking from its burning fuse

Author: National Archives 80-G-238044License:PD
Source
WorldWarII SaipanandTinian1

WorldWarII SaipanandTinian1

Author: UnknownLicense:PD
Source
"After the Marines captured this mountain gun from the Japs at Saipan, they put it into use during the attack on Garapan, administrative center of the island."

"After the Marines captured this mountain gun from the Japs at Saipan, they put it into use during the attack on Garapan, administrative center of the island."

Author: Corporal Angus RobertsonLicense:PD
Source
"Marine Sgt. F. Smit...and Cpl. S. Brown...open a coconut to get a cool drink on Saipan."

"Marine Sgt. F. Smit...and Cpl. S. Brown...open a coconut to get a cool drink on Saipan."

Author: Unknown authorUnknown author or not providedLicense:PD
Source
"Negro assault troops await orders D-day to attack enemy shortly after they had come ashore at Saipan in the Marianas."

"Negro assault troops await orders D-day to attack enemy shortly after they had come ashore at Saipan in the Marianas."

Author: Unknown authorUnknown author or not providedLicense:PD
Source
"Negro Marines, attached to the Third Ammunition Company, take time out from supplying ammunition to the front line on Saipan. Riding captured...bicycle is Pfc. Horace Boykin; and left to right, Cpl. Willis T. Anthony, Pfc. Emmitt Shackelford, and Pfc. Eugene Purdy."

"Negro Marines, attached to the Third Ammunition Company, take time out from supplying ammunition to the front line on Saipan. Riding captured...bicycle is Pfc. Horace Boykin; and left to right, Cpl. Willis T. Anthony, Pfc. Emmitt Shackelford, and Pfc. Eugene Purdy."

Author: Unknown authorUnknown author or not providedLicense:PD
Source
The above photo of a Tenth Marines howitzer section in action during the campaign for Saipan shows how crew drill was used in combat.

The above photo of a Tenth Marines howitzer section in action during the campaign for Saipan shows how crew drill was used in combat.

Author: USMCLicense:PD
Source
Four 4th Marine Division Marines take cover behind trees as they mop-up Japanese in a canefield. Mount Tapochau is in the background

Four 4th Marine Division Marines take cover behind trees as they mop-up Japanese in a canefield. Mount Tapochau is in the background

Author: National Archives 176250510 official USMC photo 127-N-85677 by CookeLicense:PD
Source
The 5"/25 (127 mm) battery aboard the U.S. Navy battleship USS New Mexico (BB-40) prepares to fire during the bombardment of Saipan, 15 June 1944. 

Note the time-fuze setters on the left side of each gun mount, each holding three "fixed" rounds of ammunition; the barrels of 20 mm machine guns at the extreme right; and triple the 14"/50 (34.5 cm) guns in the background.

The 5"/25 (127 mm) battery aboard the U.S. Navy battleship USS New Mexico (BB-40) prepares to fire during the bombardment of Saipan, 15 June 1944. Note the time-fuze setters on the left side of each gun mount, each holding three "fixed" rounds of ammunition; the barrels of 20 mm machine guns at the extreme right; and triple the 14"/50 (34.5 cm) guns in the background.

Author: U.S. NavyLicense:PD
Source
Map of Allied amphibious landings in the 1941-1944 Pacific War with information about Saipan marked in blue.

Map of Allied amphibious landings in the 1941-1944 Pacific War with information about Saipan marked in blue.

Author: WtfivLicense:PD
Source
Members of the 1st JASCO operating an SCR 284 radio during the battle of Saipan, 1944

Members of the 1st JASCO operating an SCR 284 radio during the battle of Saipan, 1944

Author: United States Marine CorpsLicense:PD
Source
2d Marine Division Troops on Tanapag plain after Gyokusai attack, Saipan July 1944

2d Marine Division Troops on Tanapag plain after Gyokusai attack, Saipan July 1944

Author: Anonymous, all works are USMC, Navy or Army property.License:PD
Source
7/14 Saipan. Lieutenant General Robert G. Richardson, Jr., Commanding General, CPA (Central Pacific Area) passes huge stores of captured foodstuffs now used to feed civilian internees on Saipan. Laudansky [photographer?]. 10/01/1944. (ref:W-CPA-44-6953)

7/14 Saipan. Lieutenant General Robert G. Richardson, Jr., Commanding General, CPA (Central Pacific Area) passes huge stores of captured foodstuffs now used to feed civilian internees on Saipan. Laudansky [photographer?]. 10/01/1944. (ref:W-CPA-44-6953)

Author: Otis Historical Archives of “National Museum of Health & Medicine” (OTIS Archive 1)License:CC-BY-4.0
Source
Saipan. Jap civilians in temporary internment camp under USMC guard. Combat scenes, Signal Corps. 10/01/1944. World War 2. W-CPA-44-5881. 6/17 Gurtcheff [photographer?].Note: the caption was transcribed from the original WW2 record.

Saipan. Jap civilians in temporary internment camp under USMC guard. Combat scenes, Signal Corps. 10/01/1944. World War 2. W-CPA-44-5881. 6/17 Gurtcheff [photographer?].Note: the caption was transcribed from the original WW2 record.

Author: Otis Historical Archives of “National Museum of Health & Medicine” (OTIS Archive 1)License:CC-BY-4.0
Source
Saipan. Aerial view of Garapan, largest Jap city on Saipan, showing effects of bombing and naval fire. It is referred to as the "Casino of the Pacific" because of the bitter street fighting which took place there. July Laudansky [photographer?]. 10/01/194World War 2. W-CPA-44-6737 (ref:E44-78-31) ; the caption was transcribed from the original WW2 record.

Saipan. Aerial view of Garapan, largest Jap city on Saipan, showing effects of bombing and naval fire. It is referred to as the "Casino of the Pacific" because of the bitter street fighting which took place there. July Laudansky [photographer?]. 10/01/194World War 2. W-CPA-44-6737 (ref:E44-78-31) ; the caption was transcribed from the original WW2 record.

Author: Otis Historical Archives of “National Museum of Health & Medicine” (OTIS Archive 1)License:CC-BY-4.0
Source
37mm gun crew in battle lg

37mm gun crew in battle lg

Author: UnknownLicense:PD
Source
Fires rage at a fuel dump (left center) and the Charan-Kanoa sugar refinery (right) during strikes on Saipan at the time of the invasion in center is the Aslito Airfield

Fires rage at a fuel dump (left center) and the Charan-Kanoa sugar refinery (right) during strikes on Saipan at the time of the invasion in center is the Aslito Airfield

Author: National Archives 80-G-238357License:PD
Source
Naval bombardment in support of Marine operations ashore, during June-July 1944

Naval bombardment in support of Marine operations ashore, during June-July 1944

Author: National Archives 80-G-238385License:PD
Source
Pilots of the 73rd Fighter Squadron, 7th USAAF, receive briefing on the flight deck of USS Manila Bay (CVE-61) prior to take off for Saipan, where they will be based. Planes are P-47s.

Pilots of the 73rd Fighter Squadron, 7th USAAF, receive briefing on the flight deck of USS Manila Bay (CVE-61) prior to take off for Saipan, where they will be based. Planes are P-47s.

Author: National Archives 80-G-238677License:PD
Source
USS Manila Bay (CVE-61) under bombing attack by four Japanese "Zeke" aircraft, off Saipan, at 12:05 on 23 June 1944. Note USAAF P-47 fighters on deck, for delivery to Saipan airfields.

USS Manila Bay (CVE-61) under bombing attack by four Japanese "Zeke" aircraft, off Saipan, at 12:05 on 23 June 1944. Note USAAF P-47 fighters on deck, for delivery to Saipan airfields.

Author: National Archives 80-G-238600License:PD
Source
Navy planes strike coastal shipping and other targets on Pagan Island, 23 June 1944

Navy planes strike coastal shipping and other targets on Pagan Island, 23 June 1944

Author: National Archives 80-G-238705License:PD
Source
TF-58 planes raid Pagan Island, 23 June 1944. Note SB2C "Helldiver" in distance

TF-58 planes raid Pagan Island, 23 June 1944. Note SB2C "Helldiver" in distance

Author: National Archives 80-G-238706License:PD
Source
TF-58 planes raid Pagan Island, 23 June 1944. Note two SB2C Helldivers

TF-58 planes raid Pagan Island, 23 June 1944. Note two SB2C Helldivers

Author: National Archives 80-G-238709License:PD
Source

Historische Übersicht

Die Schlacht um Saipan war eine Schlacht während des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Sie war Teil von Operation Forager, der Eroberung der Marianen-Inseln im Pazifik. Sie fand zwischen dem 15. Juni und dem 9. Juli 1944 statt. Es war eine bedeutende Auseinandersetzung zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten und dem Kaiserreich Japan. Die US-amerikanischen Streitkräfte planten, Saipan als strategischen Stützpunkt zu erobern, um von dort aus Luftangriffe auf Japan durchzuführen. Die Schlacht begann mit einer intensiven Bombardierung durch US-amerikanische Flugzeuge und Schiffe, gefolgt von einer amphibischen Landung. Die japanischen Verteidiger, darunter Soldaten, Marineinfanteristen und Zivilisten, leisteten einen verzweifelten Widerstand und führten mehrere Gegenangriffe durch. Das Gelände auf Saipan, gekennzeichnet durch Klippen, Dschungel und Verteidigungsstellungen, erschwerte den Vormarsch der US-Truppen erheblich. Die Eroberung wurde durch heftige Kämpfe, Artilleriebombardements und Nahkampfgefechte geprägt. Die US-Truppen erzielten schließlich einen Durchbruch, indem sie die japanischen Verteidigungslinien durchbrachen und wichtige Punkte eroberten. Die japanischen Verteidiger erlitten hohe Verluste und viele begingen Suizid, um einer Gefangennahme zu entgehen. Am Ende erlangten die Vereinigten Staaten die Kontrolle über Saipan, was einen Wendepunkt im Pazifikkrieg darstellte und den Weg für weitere Operationen in der Region ebnete. Der Erfolg der Operation Forager ermöglichte den USA auch wie geplant die strategische Bombardierung Japans mit den seinerzeit neuen, erst kurz zuvor in Dienst gestellten Langstreckenbombern vom Typ B-29 und führte schließlich zum Abwurf von Atombomben auf Hiroshima und Nagasaki.

Fakten auf einen Blick

Ergebnis:US-Sieg.

US Marine Corps

  • Befehlshaber: Holland Smith
  • Truppenstärke: 71000
  • Verluste: 3426

Jap. Kaiserreich

  • Befehlshaber: Yoshitsugu Saitō †
  • Truppenstärke: 31000
  • Verluste: 29000

Strategischer Kontext

Japan gerät in Reichweite amerikanischer B-29 Bomber.

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